Prisoner in the Vaticanball

States of the Churchball was a provinceball of Kingdom of Italyball ruled by the Catholic Church and the pope. He was what was left of Papal Statesball after the capture of Rome by  Italian forces on September 20, 1870 (which marked the end the approximate 1,116-year reign (AD 754 to 1870) of the  Papal Statesball under the  Holy See) and what would later become the  Vaticanball.

This period of time is commonly referred to as the Prisoner in the Vatican (or prisoner of the Vatican) which is how the Pope was described from the capture of Rome until the Lateran Treaty of 11 February 1929. Although the Kingdom of Italyball did not occupy the territories of Vatican Hill delimited by the Leonine walls and offered the creation of a city-state in the area, the Popes from Pius IX to Pius XI refused the proposal and described themselves as prisoners of the  new Italian state.

History
The 13 May 1871 Italian Law of Guarantees, passed eight months after the capture of Rome, was an attempt to solve the problem by making the pope a subject of the  Kingdom of Italyball, not an independent sovereign, while guaranteeing him certain honours similar to those given to the king and the right to send and receive ambassadors.

The popes—Pius IX and his successors Leo XIII, St Pius X, Benedict XV and (from 1922 until the issue was resolved in 1929) Pius XI—refused to accept this unilateral decision, which, they felt, could be reversed by the same power that granted it, and which did not ensure that their decisions would be clearly seen to be free from interference by a political power. They claimed that total sovereignty was needed so that a civil government would never attempt to interfere in the governance of the universal Roman Church. Therefore, even after the Law of Guarantees, Pope Pius IX and his successors up to and including Pius XI decided not to leave the Palace of the Vatican, so as not to submit to the authority of the Italian State. As a result of the crisis, Pope Pius IX excommunicated the King of Italy.

Especially in the strongly Roman Catholic rural areas of  Italy, there was great tension between  Church and  State. The Kingdom of Italyball did not recognise the validity of Church weddings, while the Church maintained that the  Kingdom was illegitimate and Church weddings were sufficient before  God.

Roman Question
Following the fall of Rome, most countries continued to accredit diplomatic representatives to the Holy See, seeing it as an entity of public international law with which they desired such relations, while they withdrew their consuls, whose work had been connected instead with the temporal power of the papacy, which was now ended. However, no diplomatic relations existed between the Holy See and the  Italian state.

At the 1867 Congress of Peace in Geneva, Giuseppe Garibaldi referred to "that pestilential institution which is called the Papacy" and proposed giving "the final blow to the monster". This was a reflection of the bitterness that had been generated by the struggle against Pope Pius IX in 1849 and 1860, and it was in sharp contrast to the letter that Garibaldi had written to the  Pope from Montevideo in 1847, before those events.

The stand-off was ended on 11 February 1929, when the Lateran Pacts created a new microstate, that of Vatican Cityball, and opened the way for diplomatic relations between  Kingdom of Italyball and the  Holy See. The  Holy See in turn recognised the  Kingdom of Italyball, with  Romeball as its capital, thus ending the situation whereby the  popes had felt constrained to remain within the  Vaticanball.